How to Fix the Windows Blue Screen of Death

A blue screen (also called a stop error) appears when Windows meets a problem it cannot safely recover from. It restarts to protect your system and data. A single blue screen is not always serious, but repeated ones need attention.

Note the stop code

The screen shows a message such as a stop code in capital letters. Take a photo of it. The code and any file name mentioned help narrow down the cause.

Common causes

• Faulty or outdated drivers.
• Failing memory or storage.
• Overheating.
• Software conflicts or a bad update.
• Malware.

Step-by-step fixes

1. Restart and see if the problem returns.
2. Undo recent changes: uninstall a recently installed program, driver or update.
3. Update drivers, especially graphics, network and storage drivers, from the manufacturer's website.
4. Install Windows updates, which often include fixes.
5. Check for system file errors. Open Command Prompt as administrator and run sfc /scannow.
6. Check the disk. Run chkdsk or use the drive manufacturer's tool to check health.
7. Test memory with the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool.
8. Check temperatures and clean out dust.
9. Scan for malware with Microsoft Defender.

If Windows will not start

Interrupt the boot process three times to enter the Windows Recovery Environment, then try Startup Repair, System Restore or Safe Mode.

Last resorts

If the problem continues, back up your files and reset Windows. If it still occurs after a clean install, a hardware component is likely faulty and should be tested or replaced.

This article is for general information only and is not professional advice. Features, prices and menu names may change between software versions. See our disclaimer.